Cognition and Conditionals : Probability and Logic in Human Thinking by Nick Chater (2010, Hardcover)

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Cognition and Conditionals by Mike Oaksford, Nick Chater. Title Cognition and Conditionals. Author Mike Oaksford, Nick Chater. Format Hardcover.

About this product

Product Identifiers

PublisherOxford University Press, Incorporated
ISBN-100199233292
ISBN-139780199233298
eBay Product ID (ePID)80460516

Product Key Features

Number of Pages420 Pages
LanguageEnglish
Publication NameCognition and Conditionals : Probability and Logic in Human Thinking
Publication Year2010
SubjectCognitive Psychology & Cognition, Logic, Linguistics / General
TypeTextbook
Subject AreaPhilosophy, Language Arts & Disciplines, Psychology
AuthorNick Chater
FormatHardcover

Dimensions

Item Height1.2 in
Item Weight31.7 Oz
Item Length10 in
Item Width6.9 in

Additional Product Features

Intended AudienceScholarly & Professional
LCCN2009-053069
Dewey Edition22
ReviewsReview from other book by this author: "Oaksford and Chater make a very strong case in favour of a probabilistic view of human reasoning. This publication in therefore highly recommended to any cognitive psychologists, and particularly to master's or doctoral students doing research in this field." --The Psychologist, "Oaksford and Chater have been at the center of a major reconceptualization of how humans reason. This book explains the deep reasons for this new approach and provides an excellent summary of their work." --Professor John R. Anderson, Carnegie Mellon University, USA, "Oaksford and Chater convincingly argue that rationality in the real world cannot be reduced to logical thinking and demonstrate how apparently logical problems can instead be reconstructed in a probabilistic way. This is an important step towards the ultimate goal of understanding theheuristic mechanisms underlying behavior. An excellent book on a Bayesian approach to cognition." --Professor Gerd Gigerenzer, Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany, For years, Oaksford and Chater have taken a maverick approach to the analysis of human reasoning, applying probabilistic ideas to construct radically new interpretations of what people are doing when they reason and whether or not those actions are rational. The field has started to follow Oaksford and Chater's lead; probabilistic concepts are becoming central to all areas of cognitive science. In this book, Oaksford and Chater offer an exceptionally lucid and compellingintroduction to their own work and in the process provide an accessible introduction to a number of technical issues in reasoning. This book is a must for those interested in the latest theoretical ideas in the study of human reasoning., "For years, Oaksford and Chater have taken a maverick approach to the analysis of human reasoning, applying probabilistic ideas to construct radically new interpretations of what people are doing when they reason and whether or not those actions are rational. The field has started to followOaksford and Chater's lead; probabilistic concepts are becoming central to all areas of cognitive science. In this book, Oaksford and Chater offer an exceptionally lucid and compelling introduction to their own work and in the process provide an accessible introduction to a number of technicalissues in reasoning. This book is a must for those interested in the latest theoretical ideas in the study of human reasoning." --Professor Steve Sloman, Brown University, USA, "This fascinating book is the capstone of one of the most important and original programs of research on reasoning in the last twenty years. Oaksford and Chater argue persuasively that human thinking is best understood not in terms of how poorly it approximates the philosopher's norms ofdeductive logic, but rather in terms of how well it captures the more powerful and subtle principles of Bayesian probability." --Professor Josh Tenenbaum, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
IllustratedYes
Dewey Decimal153.4/3
Table Of Content1. Cognition and conditionals: An Introduction, Mike Oaksford & Nick ChaterWorking Memory: Function, Representation, and ProcessLogic2. The mental logic theory of conditional propositions, David O'Brien & Andrea Manfrinati3. Conditionals and possibilities, Ruth Byrne & Phil Johnson-Laird4. Logic and/in psychology: The paradoxes of material implication and psychologism in the cognitive science of human reasoning, Walter Schroyens5. The logical response to a noisy world, Keith Stenning& Michiel van LambalgenProbability6. Conditionals and probability, Vittorio Girotto & Phil Johnson-Laird7. Causal discounting and conditional reasoning in children, Nilufa Ali, Anne Schlottman, Abigail Shaw, Nick Chater, & Mike Oaksford8. Conditionals and non-constructive reasoning, David Over, Jonathan Evans, & Shira Elqayam9. The conditional in mental probability logic, Niki Pfeifer & Gernot KleiterLong Term Memory: Function, Representation, and ProcessLogic10. Semantic memory retrieval, mental models, and the development of conditional inferences in children, Henry Markovits11. Counterexample retrieval and inhibition during conditional reasoning: Direct evidence from memory probing, Wim De NeysProbability12. How semantic memory processes temper causal inferences, Denise Cummins13. A successive-conditionalization approach to conditional reasoning, In-mao Liu14. Pragmatic conditionals, conditional pragmatics, and the pragmatic component of conditional reasoning, Jean-Francois Bonnefon & Guy PolitzerIntegrative Approaches15. Reasoning with conditionals in artificial intelligence, Bob Kowalski16. Towards a reconciliation of mental model theory and probabilistic theories, Sonja Geiger & Klaus Oberauer17. Conditional inference and constraint satisfaction: Reconciling mental models and the probabilistic approach?, Mike Oaksford & Nick Chater18. Towards a metacognitive dual process theory of conditional reasoning, Valerie Thompson19. A multi-layered dual-process approach to conditional reasoning, Niki Verschueren & Walter Schaeken20. Two aspects of reasoning competence: A challenge for current accounts and a call for new conceptual tools, Guy Politzer & Jean-Francois BonnefonEpilogue21. Open issues in the cognitive science of conditionals, Nick Chater & Mike Oaksford
SynopsisThe conditional, if...then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. It occurs in all human languages and allows people to express their knowledge of the causal or law-like structure of the world and of others' behaviour, e.g., if you turn the key the car starts, if John walks the dog he stops for a pint of beer; to make promises, e.g., if you cook tonight, I'll wash up all week; to regulate behaviour, e.g., if you are drinking beer, you must be over 18 years of age; to suggest what would have happened had things been different, e.g., if the match had been dry it would have lit, among many other possible uses. The way in which the conditional is modelled also determines the core of most logical systems. Unsurprisingly, it is also the most researched expression in the psychology of human reasoning.Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years (On Conditionals, 1986, CUP) that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning. Over the last 10 to 15 years, research on conditionals has come to dominate the psychology of reasoning providing a rich seam of results that have created new theoretical possibilities. This book shows how these developments have led researchers to view people's conditional reasoning behaviour more as succesful probabilistic reasoning rather than as errorful logical reasoning. It shows how the multifarious, and apparently competing, theoretical positions developed over the last 50 years in this area - mental logics, mental models, heuristic approaches, dual process theory, and probabilistic approaches-have responded to these insights. Its organisation reflects the view that an integrative approach is emerging that may need to exploit aspects of all these theoretical positions to explain the rich and complex phenomenon of reasoning with conditionals. It includes an introductory chapter relating the development of the psychology of reasoning to developments in the logic and semantics of the conditional. It also includes chapters by many of the leading figures in this field.Cognition and Conditionals will be a valuable resource for cognitive scientists, psychologists and philosophers interested how people actually reason with conditionals., The conditional, if...then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning., The conditional, if...then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. It occurs in all human languages and allows people to express their knowledge of the causal or law-like structure of the world and of others' behaviour, e.g., if you turn the key the car starts, if John walks the dog he stops for a pint of beer; to make promises, e.g., if you cook tonight, I'll wash up all week; to regulate behaviour, e.g., if you are drinking beer, you must be over 18 years of age; to suggest what would have happened had things been different, e.g., if the match had been dry it would have lit, among many other possible uses. The way in which the conditional is modelled also determines the core of most logical systems. Unsurprisingly, it is also the most researched expression in the psychology of human reasoning. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years (On Conditionals, 1986, CUP) that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning. Over the last 10 to 15 years, research on conditionals has come to dominate the psychology of reasoning providing a rich seam of results that have created new theoretical possibilities. This book shows how these developments have led researchers to view people's conditional reasoning behaviour more as succesful probabilistic reasoning rather than as errorful logical reasoning. It shows how the multifarious, and apparently competing, theoretical positions developed over the last 50 years in this area - mental logics, mental models, heuristic approaches, dual process theory, and probabilistic approaches-have responded to these insights. Its organisation reflects the view that an integrative approach is emerging that may need to exploit aspects of all these theoretical positions to explain the rich and complex phenomenon of reasoning with conditionals. It includes an introductory chapter relating the development of the psychology of reasoning to developments in the logic and semantics of the conditional. It also includes chapters by many of the leading figures in this field. Cognition and Conditionals will be a valuable resource for cognitive scientists, psychologists and philosophers interested how people actually reason with conditionals.
LC Classification NumberBC199.C56

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