Table of Content
Preface I. SENTENCES AND GRAMMAR (Sections 101-130) 101-103 Sentences 101 Parts: A subject; B verb (predicate) 102 Sentence pattern 103 Classifying: A by purpose; B by structure (clauses)--simple, compound, complex, compound-complex 104-109 Parts of Speech: Survey 104 A--nouns; B--pronouns 105 Verbs 106 A--adjectives; B--adverbs 107 A--conjunctions; B--prepositions 108 interjections 109 A word as different parts of speech 110 A word group as a part of speech 111-112 Using Nouns 111 Kinds: A singular, plural; B common, proper; C concrete, abstract; D collective; E count, noncount 112 Uses: A subject; B complement (direct, indirect object; subjective, objective complement); C--object of preposition; D appositive; E direct address 113-118 Using Verbs 113 Identifying 114 Kinds: A transitive; B intransitive; C linking; D auxiliary 115 Principal parts: A present, past, past participle; B troublesome verbs 116 Tenses, forms: A present; B past; C future; D present perfect; E past perfect; F future perfect; G conditional 117 Verbs vs. Verbals: A infinitives; B participles; C gerunds 118 Verb errors: A tense shift; B overused passive voice; C mood shift; D confusion of similar verbs (see also 405) 119-120 Using Adjectives and Adverbs 119 Correct use: A adverbs with action verbs; modifying adjectives, adverbs; B adjectives after linking verbs; C good vs. well , bad vs. badly ; D comparative, superlative; E double comparative, superlative; F illogical comparisons 120 Articles, determiners [ESL]: A a vs. an ; B articles before nouns; C limiting adjectives (determiners); D order of adjectives 121-123 Using Pronouns 121 Kinds: A personal; B interrogative, relative: C demonstrative; D indefinite; E reflexive, intensive 122 Case: A subjective (nominative); B objective;C subjective-objective problems; D who, whom (interrogative); E who, whom (relative); F possessive 123 Faulty reference: A ambiguous; B vague 124-125 Phrases, Clauses 124 Phrases: A prepositional; B verbal (infinitive, participial, absolute, gerund) 125 Clauses: A kinds (independent, dependent); B dependent kinds (adjective, adverb, noun); C in sentences (simple, compound, complex) 126-127 Agreement 126 Subject-verb: A person; B number; C intervening words; D compound subjects; E indefinite pronouns; F collective nouns; G linking verbs; H--singulars in plural form; I there and it ; J titles, words as words; K money and measures; L relative pronouns 127 Pronoun-antecedent: A shifts to you; B. singular pronouns; C and, or, nor ; D collective nouns; E demonstratives as adjectives; F one of the 128-130 Effective Sentences 128 Creating sentences: A varying; B coordinating; C compounding; D subordinating (adjective, adverb, noun clauses); E reduction; F parallel structure; G positioning main idea 129 Big three errors: A fragments; B comma splices, fused sentences 130 Other faults: A--needless separation (inl. Misplaced modifiers); B dangling modifiers (participle, gerund, infinitive, elliptical clause); C incomplete comparisons; D needless shifts; E mixed construction ( is when, is where , others) II. PUNCTUATION (Sections 201-227) 201-203 Comma [,] 201 Comma (to set off): A independent (main) clause; B introductory clause, phrase; C items in series; D coordinate adjectives; E parenthetical expressions; F nonessential (nonrestrictive) clauses, phrases, appositives; G absolute phrases; H direct address; I yes, no ; J mild interjections; K direct quotations; L such as, etc., contrasts 202 Comma: A clarity; B omitted, understood word; C tag question; D friendly letter; E dates, addresses <
