AUSTRIA COUNTRY STUDY
BOOK ON CD-ROM
AUSTRIA: A COUNTRY STUDY
Published by the United States Government in 1994. 349 pages. Adobe
PDF
format on
professionally labeled CD-ROM.
Austria:
A Country Study offers a concise and objective examination of the dominant
historical, geographic, social, economic, political, and military aspects of
Austria.
* Austria
* Foreword
* Acknowledgments
* Preface
* Country Profile
o Country
o Geography
o Society
o Economy
o Transportation and Communications
o Government and Politics
o National Security
* Introduction
* Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Steven R. Harper)
o The Alpine Danubian Region before the Habsburg Dynasty
+ The Celtic and Roman Eras
+ The Early Medieval Era
+ The Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Austria
o Rise of the Habsburg Empire
+ The Habsburg Dynasty in the Late Medieval Era
+ Territorial Expansion, Division, and Consolidation
+ The Protestant Reformation in the Habsburg Lands
+ The Turkish Threat
o The Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years' War
+ Division and Rebellion
+ The Thirty Years' War, 1618-48
+ The Peace of Westphalia
o The Baroque Era
+ Political and Religious Consolidation under Leopold
+ The Turkish Wars and the Siege of Vienna
+ The War of the Spanish Succession
+ The Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-48
o The Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II
+ Baroque Absolutism and Enlightened Despotism
+ The Strategic Impact of the Reform Era
o The Habsburg Empire and the French Revolution
+ The Napoleonic Wars
+ The Congress of Vienna
o Austria in the Age of Metternich
+ International Developments, 1815-48
+ Domestic Policies
o The Revolution of 1848 and Neoabsolutism
+ Revolutionary Rise and Fall
+ The Failure of Neoabsolutism
+ Loss of Leadership in Germany
o Austria-Hungary to the early 1900's
+ The Founding of the Dual Monarchy
+ Final Defeat in Germany and Reconciliation with Prussia
+ The Eastern Question
+ Internal Developments in Austria
o The Final Years of the Empire and World War I
+ The Crisis over Bosnia and Hercegovina
+ World War I
+ The End of the Habsburg Empire and the Birth of the Austrian Republic
o The First Republic
+ Overview of the Political Camps
+ The Foundation of the First Republic
+ Political Life of the 1920s and Early 1930s
+ The End of Constitutional Rule
+ Growing German Pressure on Austria
o The Anschluss and World War II
+ Absorption of Austria into the Third Reich
+ Nazi Economic and Social Policies
+ Repression and Compliance
+ World War II and the Defeat of Nazi Germany
o Restore Independence Under Allied Occupation
+ Foundation of the Second Republic
+ Four-Power Occupation and Recognition of the Provisional Government
+ The 1945 Election and Consolidation of the Austrian Government
+ Consolidation of Democracy
+ Austria's Integration with the West
+ The 1955 State Treaty and Austrian Neutrality
o The Grand Coalition and the Austrian People's Party Coda, 1955-70
+ Foreign Policy in the Late 1950s and 1960s
+ Elections and Parties
+ Domestic Tranquillity under the Grand Coalition
o The Kreisky Years, 1970-83
+ Electoral Politics in the Kreisky Era
+ Domestic Issues
+ Foreign Policy
+ End of the Kreisky Era
* Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Lonnie Johnson)
o Geography
+ Landform Regions
+ Human Geography
+ Climate
+ Ecological Concerns
o Austrian National Identity
o Demography
+ Demographic Development
+ Immigration
+ Emigration
o Social Minorities
+ Official Minority Groups
+ Other Minorities
# Gypsies
# Jews
# Foreign Workers
+ Attitudes Toward Minorities
o Social Structure
o Family Life
+ Family Developments after the 1960s
+ Status of Women
o Religion
o Education
o Social Security
+ Employment, Unemployment, and Pension Benefits
+ Health and Health Insurance
+ Family Benefits
o Housing
* Chapter 3 - The Economy (W.R. Smyser)
o Economic Growth and Government Policy
+ Historical Background
+ Developments During the 1970s and 1980s
+ The New Policies
+ The Magic Pentagon
+ The Subsidy Policy
+ Foreign Workers in Austria
o Principal Economic Interest Groups
+ The Chambers of Commerce
+ The Chambers of Agriculture
+ The Chambers of Labor
+ The Professions
+ The Austrian Trade Union Federation
+ Works Councils
+ The Federation of Austrian Industrialists
o Social Partnership
o Structure of the Economy
+ The Agricultural Sector
# The Government Role
# The Structure of Agriculture
+ The Industrial Sector
# Industry
# Efforts to Improve Competitiveness
# Mining and Minerals
+ Energy
+ The Services Sector
# Retail Trade
# Transportation and Telecommunications
# Tourism
# Money and Banking
o Foreign Economic Relations
+ Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments
+ Austria and European Integration
+ Openings Toward the East
* Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (John F. Schaettler)
o Constitutional Framework
o Government Institutions
+ The Federal President
+ Chancellor and Cabinet
+ Nationalrat
+ Bundesrat
+ Bundesversammlung
+ Judicial System
# The Constitutional Court
# The Administrative Court
# Ordinary Courts
# Special Courts
# The People's Attorney
# Legal Training
+ Civil Service
+ Provincial Government
+ Local Government
+ Electoral System
o Political Dynamics
+ The Social Democratic Party of Austria
+ The Austrian People's Party
+ The Freedom Party of Austria
+ The Green Parties
+ Political Developments since 1983
# SPÖ-FPÖ Coalition, 1983-86
# Election of Kurt Waldheim as President
# The National Election of 1986 and the Grand Coalition of 1987-90
# The Parliamentary Election of 1990
# Events of 1991-93
o Mass Media
+ Newspapers and Periodicals
+ Radio and Television
o Foreign Relations
+ Foreign Policy During the Kreisky Era
+ New Focus on Europe
+ Regional Issues
* Chapter 5 - National Security (Jean R. Tartter)
o Historical Background
+ The Habsburg Military
+ Two World Wars: 1914-18 and 1939-45
o Strategic Concepts and Missions of the Austrian Armed Forces
o Neutrality and the Armed Forces
o National Defense
+ Army
+ Personnel, Conscription, Training, and Reserves
+ Army Equipment
+ Air Force
+ Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
+ Military Justice
+ The Defense Budget
+ Domestic and Foreign Sources of Military Equipment
o Internal Security
+ Penal Codes
+ Criminal Court Proceedings
+ Police
+ Incidence of Crime
+ Penal System
* Appendix. Tables
* Bibliography
* Glossary
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