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FYI
Talavera is the term used to when describing the recreation of beautiful art that extends from Spaniards and the people of China. The specific village that some of the world's most beautiful pottery and ceramics come from is Talavera de la Reina. The artists from Spain are known to be some of the best possessing true skills in creating beautiful pieces of art; most of those skills being passed down from their ancestors for centuries.
Talavera pottery is a form of Majolica. Mojolica is any handmade pottery, paintings, and other ceramics and arts created by the earth's materials. The process of creating Mojolica journeys from Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia, and according to Mexican Connexion, "was further refined in China." When Spanish artisans entered Mexico in the 16th century, they introduced this art to the people of Mexico; who later and as of now take pride in creating this type of art. Their art expands from a combination of different cultures, the Chinese, Spanish, Moors and Egyptians.
Talavera pottery is made from blending clays together with water to soften the clay. This process also thins the clay making it more accessible to work with. When sculpting the clay, the artist can create the form by hand sculpting, molds, or a potter's wheel. When the shape of the pottery is complete, the artist will then leave the clay out to dry for about eight to twelve weeks, approximately two to three months. This process also goes through two sets of burning, which is the baking of the clay to obtain durability. This first bake will change the clay colored piece to a reddish orange color known as "jahuete", and then painted and decorated. After the painting and decorating is dry, the piece will be baked (also known as fired) once again, finishing the final piece of art.
Many people consider Puebla the home of Mexican Talavera because of the first regulations and standards for determining uniformity and excellence of the traditional Mexican Talavera. These locations that see the regulations are met are called "fabricas", and have only a few left in Mexico. The "certified fabrica" in Puebla, is known as Uriarte Talavera, which was founded by Sr. Don Dimas Uriarte in 1824.
The Talavera-style ceramics from Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato do not meet the precise standards of the authentic Talvera workshops in Puebla, but are nonetheless considered attractive and one of the representative Mexican handicrafts.
The city is internationally known for its ceramics, which Phillip II of Spain used as tiled revetments in many of his works, such as the monastery of El Escorial. The nickname of Talavera de la Reina is 'The City of Pottery' (La Ciudad de la Cerámica, in Spanish).
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Talavera pottery of Puebla, Mexico is a type of majolica pottery, which is distinguished by a milky-white glaze. Authentic Talavera pottery only comes from the city of Puebla and the nearby communities of Atlixco, Cholula, and Tecali, because of the quality of the natural clay found there and the tradition of production which goes back to the 16th century. Much of this pottery was decorated only in blue, but colors such as yellow, black, green, orange and mauve have also been used. Majolica pottery was brought to Mexico by the Spanish in the first century of the colonial period. Production of this ceramic became highly developed in Puebla because of the availability of fine clays and the demand for tiles from the newly established churches and monasteries in the area. The industry had grown sufficiently that by the mid-17th century, standards and guilds had been established which further improved the quality, leading Puebla into what is called the "golden age" of Talavera pottery (from 1650 to 1750). Formally, the tradition that developed there is called Talavera Poblana to distinguish it from the similarly named Talavera pottery of Spain. It is a mixture of Chinese, Italian, Spanish and indigenous ceramic techniques.
The tradition has struggled since the Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century, during which the number of workshops were less than eight in the state of Puebla. Later efforts by artists and collectors revived the craft somewhat in the early 20th century and there are now significant collections of Talavera pottery in Puebla, Mexico City and New York City. Further efforts to preserve and promote the craft have occurred in the late 20th century, with the introduction of new, decorative designs and the passage of the Denominación de Origin de la Talavera law to protect authentic, Talavera pieces made with the original, 16th century methods.
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