FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS
COUNTRY STUDIES
BOOK ON CD-ROM
KAZAKSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, TAJIKISTAN,
TURKMENISTAN AND UZBEKISTAN: COUNTRY STUDIES
Published by the United States Government in
1997. 633 pages. Adobe
PDF
format on
professionally labeled CD-ROM.
This book offers a concise and objective
examination of the dominant historical, geographic, social, economic, political,
and military aspects of the former Soviet Republics.
* Chapter 1 - Kazakstan (Martha Brill Olcott)
o Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
+ Country
+ Geography
+ Society
+ Economy
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
+ National Security
o Historical Background
+ Historical Setting
# Early Tribal Movements
# Forming the Modern Nation
# Russian Control
# In the Soviet Union
# Reform and Nationalist Conflict
# The Rise of Nazarbayev
# Sovereignty and Independence
+ Physical Environment
# Topography and Drainage
# Climate
# Environmental Problems
+ Population and Society
# Demographic Factors
# Ethnic Groups
# The Role of Women
# Clans
+ Religion
# Islam in the Past
# Islam and the State
+ National Identity
# Language
# Culture
+ Education
+ Health
# Health System
# Health Conditions
+ Social Welfare
+ The Economy
# Natural Resources
# Agriculture
# Industry
# Energy
# Work Force
# Post-Soviet Economic Developments
# Banking and Finance
# Prices, Wages, and Currency
# International Financial Relations
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
# Transportation
# Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
# Constitution
# Structure of Government
# The Election of 1994 and Its Aftermath
# Political Organizations
# Nazarbayev and Political Prospects
# The Media
# Human Rights
# Foreign Policy
+ National Security
# Military Establishment
# Military Infrastructure
# Military Doctrine
# Law Enforcement Systems
# National Security Prospects
* Chapter 2 - Kyrgyzstan (Martha Brill Olcott)
o Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
+ Country
+ Geography
+ Society
+ Economy
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
+ National Security
o Historical Background
+ Historical Background
# Early History
# Mongol Domination
# Russian Control
# Into the Soviet Union
# Recent History
+ Physical Environment
# Topography and Drainage
# Climate
# Environmental Problems
+ Population
# Demographic Characteristics
# Ethnic Groups
# Geographic Factors
+ Society and Culture
# Language
# Ethnic Traditions
# Social Structure
# Contemporary Culture
+ Religion
# The Introduction of Islam
# Tribal Religion
# Islam and the State
+ Education
# Education System
# Instruction
# Curriculum
# Higher Education
+ Health and Welfare
# Health Care System
# Health Conditions
# Social Welfare
+ The Economy
# Role in the Soviet Economy
# Natural Resources
# Agriculture
# Industry
# Energy
# Economic Reform
# Financial System
# Prices, Monetary Policy, and Debt
# Foreign Investment
# Foreign Trade
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
# Transportation
# Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
# Background
# Constitution
# Structure of Government
# Political Parties
# The Media
# Human Rights
+ Foreign Relations
# Central Asian Neighbors
# Russia
+ National Security
# Armed Forces
# Internal Security
# National Security Prospects
* Chapter 3 - Tajikistan (Muriel Atkin)
o Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
+ Country
+ Geography
+ Society
+ Economy
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
+ National Security
o Historical Background
+ Historical Background
# Ethnic Background
# Early History
# The Russian Conquest
# The Revolutionary Era
# Impact of the Civil War
# The Basmachi
# Creation of Tajikistan
# Collectivization
# The Purges
# The Postwar Period
+ Physical Environment
# Dimensions and Borders
# Topography and Drainage
# Climate
# Environmental Problems
+ Population
# Population Characteristics
# Urbanization
# The Rural Majority
# Gender and Family Structure
# Emigration
# Ethnic Groups
# Forces of Nationalism
+ Religion
# Islam
# Other Religions
+ Culture and the Arts
# Literature
# Cultural Institutions
+ Education
# Historical Development
# Education in the 1980s and 1990s
# Vocational Education
# Higher Education and Research
+ Health
# Health Care System
# Health Conditions
+ The Economy
# Agriculture
# Industry
# Energy
# Labor
# Standard of Living
# Economic Conditions in the Early 1990s
# Transition to a Market Economy
# Foreign Economic Relations
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
# Railroads
# Roads
# Air Travel
# Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
# Transition to Post-Soviet Government
# Government Structure
# Political Parties
# The Media
# Human Rights
# Foreign Relations
+ National Security
# Russia's Role in the Early 1990s
# The Armed Forces
# Internal Security
* Chapter 4 - Turkmenistan (Larry Clark, Michael Thurman, and David
Tyson)
o Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
+ Country
+ Geography
+ Society
+ Economy
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
+ National Security
o Historical Background
+ Historical Setting
# Origins and Early History
# Formation of the Turkmen Nation
# Incorporation into Russia
# Soviet Turkmenistan
# Sovereignty and Independence
+ Physical Environment
# Physical Features
# Climate
# Hydrological Conditions
# Environmental Issues
+ Population
# Size and Distribution
# Migration Trends
+ Society
# National Traditions
# Social Structure
# The Spoken Language
# The Written Language
+ Religion
# History and Structure
# Religion after Independence
+ Education
# Education System
# Curriculum
# Higher Education
+ Health
# Structure of Health Care
# Health Care Conditions
# Health Conditions
+ Welfare
# Living Standards
# Government Welfare Programs
+ The Economy
# Natural Resources
# Agriculture
# Industry
# Labor
# Economic Structure
# Privatization
# Fiscal and Monetary Conditions
# Foreign Trade
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
# Railroads
# Roads
# Pipelines
# Airlines
# Merchant Marine
# Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
# Centers of Political Power
# Government Structure
# Political Parties
# Human Rights
+ Foreign Policy
# Background
# Foreign Relations Issues
# The United States
# Western Europe
# Asian Neighbors
# CIS Relations
# Caspian Sea Issues
+ National Security
# Strategic Considerations
# Military Doctrine
# Role of Russia and the CIS
# Force Structure
# Internal Security Forces
# Criminal Justice
* Chapter 5 - Uzbekistan (Nancy Lubin)
o Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
+ Country
+ Geography
+ Society
+ Economy
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
+ National Security
o Historical Background
+ Historical Background
# Early History
# The Early Islamic Period
# The Turkification of Mawarannahr
# The Mongol Period
# The Rule of Timur
# The Uzbek Period
# Arrival of the Russians
# The Russian Conquest
# Entering the Twentieth Century
# The Jadidists and Basmachis
# The Stalinist Period
# Russification and Resistance
# The 1980s
# Independence
+ Physical Environment
# Topography and Drainage
# Climate
# Environmental Problems
+ Population
# Size and Distribution
# Ethnic Composition
# Other Social Affiliations
+ Language and Literature
# Linguistic Background
# Influences in the Soviet Period
# Language in the 1990s
# Literature
+ Religion
# Islam in the Soviet Era
# The Issue of Fundamentalism
# Mainstream Islam in the 1990s
+ Education
# Education System
# Curriculum
# Instruction
+ Health
# Health Care System
# Health Conditions
+ The Economy
# Mineral Resources
# Energy
# Agriculture
# Industry
# Labor Force
# Postcommunist Economic Reform
# Structural and Legal Reform
# Banking and Finance
# International Financial Relations
+ Transportation and Telecommunications
# Transportation
# Telecommunications
+ Government and Politics
# Postindependence Changes
# The Constitution
# Local Government
# Opposition Parties
# The Media
# Human Rights
+ Foreign Relations
# Central Asian States
# Russia and the CIS
# The Middle East and Pakistan
# China
# Western Europe and Japan
# The United States
+ National Security
# External Security Conditions
# Background of Military Development
# The Armed Forces
# Internal Security
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