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The terrifying DINOSAURS of Libya (1995 issue) part 2

The description of this issue is divided in two sections. This is part 2 of 2.

The Libyan issue was released on November 20th, 1995. It is made of 16 stamps, 100 dirhams each, printed in minisheet, size mm.197x270 + one souvenir-sheet including one stamp of 500 dirhams, size mm.185x120.

   Minisheet        Souvenir-sheet

 

below: Ma = million years ago   /   ka = thousand years ago   /   data source Wikipedia

GEOLOGIC PERIODS: 299-251 Ma (Permian P) / 251-199 Ma (Triassic T) / 199-145 Ma (Jurassic J) / 145-65 Ma (Cretaceous K) / 65-23 Ma (Paleogene Pg) / 23-2,5 Ma (Neogene N) / 2,5 Ma - today (Quaternary Q)

 

Yangchuanosaurus (Late Jurassic 150 Ma) + Stegotetrabelodon, S. syrticus (Late Miocene 8-6 Ma)

        Earth 50 Ma

YANGCHUANOSAURUS - Yangchuanosaurus was a therapod dinosaur that lived in China during the Late Jurassic period. It was similar in size and appearance to its North American contemporary Allosaurus. In 1976, an almost complete skeleton was uncovered by a construction worker during the construction of a dam in Yangshuan County in Sichuan Province in China. Since then further skeletons have been recovered. Yangchuanosaurus shangyuensis reached about 7 meters long and had a skull around 80 cm. long. Y. magnus grew larger still; up to 10 meters long, with a skull up to 1 metre. It had a massive tail that was about half its length.

STEGOTETRABELODON SYRTICUS - It was an elephant-like animal whose rare fossils have been found in North Africa and Arabia. These animals lived around 8-6 million years ago at the end of the Miocene period and are only distantly related to modern elephants. For instance, they had four tusks, two in the top jaw and two in the bottom, and seem to have been somewhat larger than modern elephants, judging from the track measurements. "Fossil" footprints were found in western Abu Dhabi Emirates.

 

Stegotetrabelodon, S. syrticus (Pliocene 5,3-1,8 Ma) + Psittacosaurus (Early Cretaceous 130-100 Ma)

        Earth 14 Ma

PSITTACOSAURUS - The name means "parrot lizard" as all species of Psittacosaurus were characterized by a high powerful beak on the upper jaw. Psittacosaurus is a genus of psittacosaurid ceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period of what is now Asia, about 130 to 100 million years ago. It is notable for being the most species-rich dinosaur genus. At least ten extinct species are recognized from fossils found in different regions of modern-day China, Mongolia and Russia with a possible additional species from Thailand. All species of Psittacosaurus were gazelle-sized bipedal herbivores. At least one species had long, quill-like structures on its tail and lower back, possibly serving a display function.

 

Mammuthus africanavus (Pliocene 5,3-1,8 Ma) + Erlikosaurus (Late Cretaceous 90-70 Ma)

MAMMUTHUS AFRICANAVUS - The African Mammoth Mammuthus africanavus (literally, "African Ancestor Mammoth"), is among the oldest of mammoth species, having first appeared around 4,8 million years ago during the Pliocene. Its fossils have been found in Pliocene deposits in Chad, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus. These proboscideans are members of the family Elephantidae (Class Mammalia) and close relatives of modern elephants. They were often equipped with long curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair. The word "mammoth" comes from the Russian "mamont", probably in turn from the Vogul (Mansi) language. The last mammoths, a small population, survived on St. Paul Island in Alaska up until 3750 B.C.; the small mammoths of Wrangler Island, in East Siberian Sea, survived until 1650 B.C.

ERLIKOSAURUS - Erlikosaurus is the name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (90-70 million years ago). Its fossils, a skull and some post-cranial fragments, were found in Mongolia. This dinosaur is named after Erlik, the King of Death in Mongolian mythology.

 

Heterodontosaurus (Early Jurassic 190 Ma) + Loxodonta atlantica (Pleistocene 1800-100 ka)

        Earth 18 ka

HETERODONTOSAURUS - Heterodontosaurus (meaning "different toothed lizard") is a genus of small herbivorous dinosaur with prominent canine teeth. It lived in the Early Jurassic of South Africa and was a small, fleetfooted ornithischian that reached a maximum size of about 1 metre. It had a long, narrow pelvis and a pubis which resembled those possessed by more advanced ornithischians. More unusual was that the hand of Heterodontosaurus had five fingers, two of which seem to be opposable. This configuration allowed Heterodontosaurus to grasp and manipulate food. The bone in the foot and ankle were fused in a manner reminiscent of those in birds. The particular suite of teeth (which gave rise to the animal's name) has led to debate over what Heterodontosaurus ate. Some scientists think that they were omnivores who used their differently-shaped teeth to eat both plants and small animals.

   Heterodontosaurus, skeleton from South Africa

LOXODONTA ATLANTICA - Loxodonta atlantica, extinct animal, was the antecedent of the modern African elephants (two species existing nowadays) which belong to the same genus Loxodonta. The Asian elephant belongs to the genus Elephas.

 

See other related Guides: part 1

PHILATELICUM

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